مقاله رایگان با موضوع قدر شناسی تمایلی
عنوان مقاله:
سال انتشار: 2019
رشته: روانشناسی
گرایش: روانشناسی عمومی، روانشناسی بالینی
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4. Discussion
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between gratitude and quality of life through the potential mediation of perceived stress and/or mental health. The structural equation modeling results demonstrated that perceived stress and mental health, together and uniquely, partially mediated the relationship between gratitude and quality of life. The findings also indicated that perceived stress partially mediated the relationship between gratitude and mental health. Finally, the serial two-mediator model indicated that gratitude is related to quality of life through perceived stress and mental health, in sequence. The findings also showed that gratitude has a significant direct effect on quality of life, poor mental health, and perceived stress. These results are consistent with previous studies showing that gratitude is positively correlated with quality of life (e.g., Eaton et al., 2014; Toussaint et al., 2017) and negatively correlated with poor mental health (e.g., Eaton et al., 2014; Hill et al., 2013) and perceived stress (Lee et al., 2018; Wood, Joseph, & Maltby, 2008; Wood, Maltby, et al., 2008). Individuals, particularly soldiers, are faced with many demands and challenges which can negatively affect their own health and well-being (Larsen, 2000; Weinstein et al., 2009). In this regard, gratitude is a character strength (Schueller, 2012) and is a positive psychological trait which is related to well-being in various populations (Mills et al., 2015). Gratitude seems to provide for a positive perception of life and satisfaction with life (Szcze?niak & Soares, 2011).
In fact, individuals who are grateful are more satisfied with their lives and more able to experience positive emotions (McCullough et al., 2004), and are also hopeful about the future which in turn brings about better health (Krause et al., 2015). The structural equation modeling results demonstrated that perceived stress uniquely and partially mediated the relationship between gratitude and quality of life, and gratitude and mental health. Moreover, the model accounted for 82% and 84% variance in mental health and in quality of life, respectively, suggesting that a substantial proportion of mental health and quality of life are explained by increased gratitude and decreased perceived stress. Perceived stress partially played a mediating role in the relationship between gratitude and quality of life (independent of mental health), and in the relationship between gratitude and poor mental health. This suggests that gratitude leads to a lower level of perceived stress, which influences soldiers" quality of life and mental health. These results are in line with previous studies which have shown that gratitude is negatively correlated with stress and poor mental health and positively correlated with quality of life, and that stress is also negatively correlated with quality of life (Lee, Kim, Cho, Ahn, & Kim, 2014; Wu, Lee, Hsu, Huang, & Bai, 2014) and positively correlated with poor mental health (Alexopoulos et al., 2014; Edman et al., 2017). Together, these findings support that stress has an important role in the relationship between gratitude and health outcomes. In fact, Wood et al. (2010) claimed that as stress relates to various health problems, gratitude may relate to health outcomes through the mechanism of stress, a claim supported by our findings.
Overall, these results supported the model, suggesting how important gratitude is for soldiers" mental health and quality of life, which are two significant concerns in this population. The study also showed that poor mental health uniquely and partially mediated the relationship between gratitude and quality of life (independent of perceived stress), suggesting that gratitude decreases soldiers" poor mental health which in turn increases their quality of life. One of the four domains of quality of life is psychological health (WHOQOL Group, 1998) which is directly related to mental health; and its other domains, namely, physical health, social relationships, and environment, can indirectly be affected by one"s mental health conditions. That is, and as noted in the Introduction, an individual"s psychological conditions can play an important role in their quality of life (Alexopoulos et al., 2014). Gratitude provides a positive outlook on life that can be contrasted with a depressive orientation (Wood, Joseph, & Maltby, 2008; Wood, Maltby, et al., 2008) and may therefore help people to experience positive emotions (McCullough et al., 2002) which then serve to buffer tendencies towards poor mental health. In fact, theoretically, the relationship between gratitude and a sense of wellbeing is logical. Experiencing gratitude, thankfulness, and appreciation can cultivate positive emotions which in turn make a contribution to our health (Sansone & Sansone, 2010), which in turn improves our quality of life. Finally, the structural equation modeling in which gratitude related to quality of life through perceived stress and mental health, in sequence, was supported, suggesting that gratitude influenced perceived stress, which influenced mental health, which in turn influenced quality of life. Better coping with stress is more likely to be developed when gratitude is present (McCullough et al., 2004). Appreciative responses to life events are adaptive strategies in which individuals interpret their daily experiences positively (Emmons & McCullough, 2003), which makes them experience less stress. As previously noted, stress is a serious threat to one"s health (Ulrich-Lai & Herman, 2009) and may cause physical and psychological diseases (Cohen et al., 2007). On the other hand, an improved coping strategy with stress is related to better mental health (Hoge et al., 2017). Health and wellness play very important roles in personal satisfaction and enhanced quality of life (Abdollahi & Khan, 2015).
چکیده
اگرچه تحقیقات زیادی انجام شده است که نشان دادند قدر شناسی نقش مهمی در حفظ کیفیت و سلامت زندگی افراد بازی می کند، اما مکانیزم های این رابطه همچنان نامشخص هستند. بنابراین، هدف این تحقیق بررسی نقش استرس درک شده و سلامت ذهنی در رابطه بین قدر شناسی تمایلی و کیفیت زندگی است- هم بصورت انحصاری و هم پیوسته- یک مدل دو فاکتوری سریالی (استرس – قدر شناسی – سلامت ذهنی و کیفیت مدل تعدیلی). سیصد و پانزده سرباز مرد ایرانی پرسشنامه قدردانی، WHO life quality Assessment و General Health Questionnaire و همچنین پرسشنامه Perceived ا streaa Scale را تکمیل کردند. اطلاعات بدست آمده با استفاده از مدلسازی معادله ساختاری و ارزیابی احتمالی بیشینه و روش برآورد همخوانی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند (K=10000). نتایج بدست آمده دلالت بر این دارند که استرس درک شده و سلامت ذهنی همراه با هم و بصورت انحصاری و نسبی می توانند رابطه بین قدر شناسی تمایلی و کیفیت زندگی را تحت تاثیر قرار دهند. استرس درک شده نیز بر رابطه بین قدر شناسی تمایلی و سلامت ذهنی تاثیر می گذارند. به علاوه، مدل سریالی دو فاکتوری که برای بررسی رابطه بین قدر شناسی تمایلی و کیفیت زندگی از طریق استرس درک شده و سلامت ذهنی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد، تائید شده است. می توان نتیجه گیری کرد که قدرشناسی نه تنها تاثیرات مستقیم بر کیفیت زندگی دارد، بلکه تاثیرات غیر مستقیم از طریق استرس درک شده و سلامت ذهنی دارد.